Evaporator.



E. A. BARBET' EVAPORATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 28. p915.

Patented "Dec; 16,1919.

4 SHEETSSHEET 1.

E. A. BARBET.

EVAPOHATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 28. IQIFI- l 325, 4'6 1 Patented Dec. 16, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2I WM names E GDKKiAQnA WW E. A. BARBET EVAPORATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 28. 1915.

Patented Deb. 16,1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3- Z] now/ oz EIA. BARBET.

.EVAPORATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 2a, \915.

Patented Dec. 16, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4 5] vwemto'c lnukw m am Show mg c@ l I. W... V Jr-r4,-,- WEE #UGUSE1N BABBET, OF FANS, FRANCE, ASS

ornion.

xenon 'ro E. Banner n'r nine in CUMBAGNIE, OE PARIS, FRANCE, A COEPOEATION OF FCE nvarona'ron.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed June 38, 1915. Serial No. 86,896.

To all whom it may concern:

lieit' known that I, EMILE AUGUsTIN BAR- BET, a citizen of the Republicof France, residing at Paris, in the Republic ofFrance, have inventedcertain new and useful lmoroveinents'in Eva'por'ators; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear,

and exact description of-the invention, such circulatethrough groups-of.closely assembled vertical'pipes, and the principal ob]ect of the in-ventionris the provisionof means wherebythe circulation may be madenonreversible and whereby the speedpfcirculation ma be so; controlled atall times as to secure t e most rapid tiansmissioi' of heat possible.Certain features of the invention have especial reference to. the.regulation of the supply of the steam for heatingevaporators of thistype wheneused in a series to form a battery,.as is common for instance,in the. in sugar ma iufaotureh Certainpreferred, forms of my improvedevaporator are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 1s.a sect onal view of a complete unit, somezof the circ ulating pipesvbeing omittejd for clearness, Fig. 2 is a similar view of the upperpart of a modified form, Fig. 3 is-a horizontal section taken on line33in Fig. .2,;Fig.. 4 is a viewsimilar to Fig. 2, butshowing the'mode ofconnection. of the automatic steam regulator, Fig. 5 a-sectionalview ofthe lower of, one of my improved evaporating units, and Fig. 6 is adiagrammatic view of a batteryfof evaporating cells with theirconnections.v p

Where evaporatorsof the type here in question are used,.the.liquid andvapor rise together in the vertical pipes and their mode of jointprogress may take either one of two forms.

In one case, where the, movement in the pipes of those portions of theliquid which remain unevaporated is too slow in propor 'tion to the rateof formation of vapor in such pipes, the rising vapor masses merge asthey rise to form progressively larger bubbles until finally t e upperends of the pro g'ressive concentration of syrups pipes are occupiedwbyacentral current of vapo qgwhiletheinterior oflthew'alls] is cov ered: byav creeping or climbing: layer of liquid.- This conditionis notatiallfavorableto rapid. transmissionof heat, since it corresponds-:' to aslow liquid as such. a i

Ontheother'handQ-wheh the rate of vapor formation .in the tubes .is vproperly related to thevoluin'e ofyliquidipassi'ng, the-bubbles as they;merge toward;- the upper ends of the tubes form afseries-of constantlyrising individual masses occupying-substantially the r tenteane. 16,1919.

movement of the entire cross section of each tuhfi' illldf divided byhorizontal masses of, liquid which are pushed upward by the vapor like aseries of pistons; A

Whenthis formationis-preserved, a Very rapid rate of circulatioiiis"attained with a correspondingly increased efliciency of heattransmission. I I

.The. exactconditions which determine production of this latter, andmoreadvam tageous; formation cwnotbepredicted for all cases, since theseconditions vary with differences insizes of tubes, vlscosity of theliquid,fboilingpoint, etc. ltis one of the principal objects- 0f thepresent invention to supply apparatus. of such a nature that the.ope'ratgr may easily controlthe conditions of flowthus putting it inhis power to secure the maximum of'circulatio n and efficiency oftransmission of heat.

Certain featuresofmy apparatus are already well known, and will requireonly a brief treatment. I a

, In the drawings the-preferablycylindrical heating drum to-whiclithe-hot steam is supplied is shown at l0';- -th-e same having a topplatelland a bottom plate-12. Some of the vertical heating tubes orpipes are' shown at 13, these passiuig in 'a compact group through theheating. chamber in such a manner as to lead the liquid upward fromthechamber 14: to the overflow chamberlti at the top, which last. isclosed by a cover 16.

As the liquid. and vapor T188 into the chamber 151 they pass togetherthrough a wide lateral passage 17, into the wide return tube 18. Fromthis the vapo. rises toward the exit 19, while the liquid returns by thewide tube 20 to the chamber 14, being joined on its way by a suitablevolume of new liquid supplied in a well known manner.

I have found that the proper formation of- $10 'with the lower chamber,and to supply a vapor and liquid in the rising tubes 13 can be producedby suitably controlling the access of the liquid to the lower chamber14, and for this purpose I cause the tube 20 to terminate in ahorizontal portion 21 opening. downward into the chamber 14, and supplyin this horizontal portion a valve controllable at will.

This valve preferably takes the form of a conical plate 22 upon a stem23, by means of which and the hand wheel 2th, the opening through whichthe liquid may flow into the chamber 14 may be made larger or smaller atwill. By this means the pressure at the base of the tubes 13 may beregulated, and the desired speed of ascent of liquid in these tubes maybe secured.

I am aware that it has been proposed to employ an apparatus of thegeneral type above described in combination with a horizontal primarygenerator below it connected v pipe connecting the upper chamber withone end of the primary generator. 25

This arrangement does not permit ready and accurate control of the rateof circulation and jthe lower chamber, and the return flow is in Fig. 1.

complicated in its behavior by the varying and non-ascertainableconditions of pres sure within the horizontal primary generator. Forthis reason I have distinguished certain of my claims from the earlierconstruction above mentioned by mentioning that the return pipe is openand direct-connected to the lower chamber.

To insure non-rm'ersibility of circulation, I prefer to carry the top ofthe heating drum 10 above the bottom of the upper chamber 15, thusforming a circular channel around the drum 10 as shown in Fig. I alsoprefer to slope the top of the drum 10 either i'n'a plane inclinedtoward the passage 17 as in Figs. 2 and 4, or in a dome'shape, as I alsofind it best to extend the ends of the pipes 13 above the top of thedrum 10, so that there may be no superincumbent mass of liquid tendingto produce a reverse circulation. Where the dome shape is used atthe topof the drum 10, it is best to give the same shape to the bottom thereof,as shown in Fig. 1. This makes it possible to make all the tubes 13 ofthe same length.

I It will be seen that this structure causes a quick delivery of theliquid to the return pipe, without possible back pressure. The sameresult would follow from making the top of the drum 1O concave with awide return pipe leading back to 14 from the lowest point of theconcave. This quick return of the liquidis further facilitated by theform ofthe channel surrounding the top of the drum 10. As shown in Fig.3, this gutter is narrowest on the side opposite the return tube 18, andwidens toward that tube on both sides of the drum 10.

I prefer to provide means for automatic regulation of the pressure oflive steam supplied to the drum 10. Thisis particularly desirable wheremy evaporators are used in batteries. ln Figs. 1 and 4 of theaccompanying drawings I have shown a form of apparatus, already familiarin other connections, which is claimed herein only in combination with abattery of evaporators fed with live steam for heating purposes. Theadmission valve for the live steam is shown at 28, the same/beingcontrolled by the float shown in dotted lines within the closed chamber27. This chamber is placed over another closed chamber 26, with which itcommunicates by a vertical tube, as shown, which reaches nearly to thebottom of the lower chamber 26.

There is a body of water within the lower chamber more or less of whidhis forced up into the chamber 27 by the pressure of the live steam inthe drum 10, exerted through the tube 25, upon the top of the body ofwater. When the nessure drops in the drum 10, the water rises in thelower chamber, the float moves dmvnward in thefupper chamber, and thevalve 28 is operated to increase the supply of live steam. When,

on the contrary, the pressure rises in the a drum 10. the water risingunder the float in the chamber 27 causes it to partly close the valve 28to diminish the steam pressure. The three valves 29, 30 and 31,connnunicat ing with the overflow 32 provide n'ieans for varying theeffective level of the water in vessels 26 and 27, so as to regulate theapparatus.

In regulating a battery it will be sutlicient to connect a singleregulator with one member of the series (preferably the second or third)and to select, by preference a. unit in \vhi ch the boiling point isfrom 102 to 104 degrees C. This margin is generally sufiieient for thevariable speeds to be produced -in this apparatus.

The mode of connecting up a number of evaporators in a battery for thepurposes of this invention is shown in Fig. 6 in a battery of threeevaporators. The liquid to be evaporated enters the first cell throughthe pipe '33, and, after passing through the circulation system of thatcell, passes to the second-by the pipe 34. From this cell it passes tothe third cell by the pipe 35, and is finally discharged through thevalve 36 in the pipe 37. In this arrangement the regulator 26, 27,receives the pressure from the second cell of the series through thepipe 25. By the employment of my improved evaporators connected in abattery in this manner delivered to the first cell automatically bysimply regulating the flow at the exit pipe by means of the valve 36. i

It is obvious that the proportions of the regulator must be suited tothe actual pressure existing in that unit of the series chosen as abasis of regulation. It, for instance, this pressure is to be a halfkilogram, the two chambers of the regulator must be separatedcorrespondingly. It higher pressures are required a mercury regulatormay be used; but this is unnecessary where the reguf lator for a batteryis applied to the second or third unit in the series wherein lowerpressures exist than are found in the first. The entire battery is thusregulatable by reactions among the successive units.

The principal advantages of the arrangements above described are asfollows:

To control the returning downward flow was to1give strictly theappropriate rate of circulation for a maximum evaporation; and to makeit possible to regulate the flow with these ends in view so that itshall be slow, medium or swift according to the given conditions to bemet.

To assure free flow of liquid from the upper ends of the verticalheating tubes and to make the system strictly non-reversible.

To regulate automatically the quantity of steam sufficient for thedifferent speeds of circulation and to accomplish this by application tothe second or third unit in a series.

What I claim is- 1. In an evaporating unit of the class described. aheating drum, a lower chamber, an upper chamber, wider than said drumand including a channel around the top of the drum and below the levelof the top thereof. said channel widening gradually from one side ofsaid chamber to the other, a group of tubes leading through said drumfrom one chamber to the other and having their upper ends projectingabove the top from one of said chambers to the other, a I wide returnpipe leading from the top to the bottom chamber and having asubstantially horizontal end projecting into said lower chamber, and avalve adapted to be moved from outside, to regulate the flow from saidreturn pipe into said lower chamber.

3. In an evaporating unit of the class de scribed, a substantiallyvertical heating drum, a lower chamber and an upper chamber, a widereturn. tube leading back from the bottom o l the upper chamber to thelower chamber and having a dome at its top above said upper chamber, anda valve in said return tube.

4; In a battery of evaporator units of the class described each having aheating drumv adapted to receive steam for heating purposes, anautomatic and adjustable pressure regulator for said st am applied toone of the units after the first, substantially as described. so as toregulate the entire battery by the reactions between the successiveunits, said regulator comprising a valve. a fioat, a pressure-column ofwater and means for subjecting said prcssurc-column to the pres sure ofsteam existing in the heating drum of the unit to which the regulator isapplied.

in testimony whereof, I atlix my signature, in presence of twowitnesses.

EMILE AITGI STIN BARBET.

Witnesses Louis DALLror. CHAS. P. Pmessmr.

